RSICC COMPUTER CODE PACKAGE CCC-601
1. NAME AND TITLE
GENII 1.485: Environmental Radiation Dosimetry Software System.
See Bruce Napier's notice of March 7, 2003, on the potential for error using GENII 1.485 which is appended to this abstract.
AUXILIARY CODE:
APPRENTICE: Interactive input processor for GENII.
MASS: Enables the mass production of GENII output using a file containing one or more nuclide groups and several input files.
Note posted July 2007: Three versions of the GENII code are now available from RSICC.
GENII 1.485 was added to the RSICC code collection in April 1992. It runs under Windows operating systems and is retained in our collection because it is one of the tool box codes endorsed by DOE in the response to DNFSB 2002-1.
CCC-737/GENII 2.06 was added to the RSICC code collection in April 2007. It runs under WindowsXP and is the newest version from the GENII 1.485 author and contains many improvements. See the abstract for details.
CCC-728/GENII-LIN is the result of implementing GENII 1.485 on the Linux platform. It keeps all the capabilities of GENII-1.485 and incorporates into the existing environmental pathway analysis models the more recent internal dosimetry models recommended by the ICRP 72 and the radiological risk estimating procedures of FGR13. The abstract provides more details.
2. CONTRIBUTORS
Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Richland, Washington through the Energy Science & Technology Software Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
Westinghouse Hanford Engineering Development Laboratory, Richland, Washington.
3. CODING LANGUAGE AND COMPUTER
IBM PC; FORTRAN 77 and Quick Basic (C00601/IBMPC/02).
4. NATURE OF PROBLEM SOLVED
GENII was developed to incorporate the internal dosimetry models recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) into the environmental pathway analysis models used at Hanford. GENII is a coupled system of seven programs and the associated data libraries that comprise the Hanford Dosimetry System (Generation II) to estimate potential radiation doses to individuals or populations from both routine and accidental releases of radionuclides to air or water and residual contamination from spills or decontamination operations. The GENII system includes interactive menu-driven programs to assist the user with scenario generation and data input, internal and external dose factor generators, and environmental dosimetry programs. The programs analyze environmental contamination resulting from both far-field and near-field scenarios. A far-field scenario focuses outward from a source, while a near-field scenario focuses in toward a receptor. GENII can calculate annual dose, committed dose, and accumulated dose from acute and chronic releases from ground or elevated sources to air or water and from initial contamination of soil or surfaces and can evaluate exposure pathways including direct exposure via water (swimming, boating, and fishing), soil (surface and buried sources), air (semi-infinite and finite cloud geometries), inhalation pathways, and ingestion pathways. In addition, GENII can perform 10,000-years migration analyses and can be used for retrospective calculations of potential radiation doses resulting from routine emissions and for prospective dose calculations for purposes such as siting facilities, environmental impact statements, and safety analysis reports. The alternate data added in March 1995 were contributed by HEDL, and are intended to improve the treatment of decay chains for calculations of doses from contaminated soil allowed to decay for hundreds of years. Air transport calculations are largely unaffected by these changes due to the short decay times involved. In October 1996 the system was repackaged to replace the ZOO archive files with self-extracting DOS files compressed with the PKZIP utility from Pkware, Inc. Some users encountered problems when reading the ZOO files.
5. METHOD OF SOLUTION
APPRENTICE interactively prepares a text input file for the near-term (Approximately 1 to 100 years) environmental dosimetry programs and a batch processing file to manage the file handling needed to control the operations of the five subsequent codes and prepare an output report. ENVIN controls the reading and organization of the input files for ENV, which then calculates the environmental transfer, uptake, and human exposure to radionuclides that result from the chosen scenario for the defined source term. ENV writes the annual media concentrations and intake rates to intermediate data transfer files for use by DOSE. DOSE converts these data to radiation dose, calculating the external dose using factors generated by EXTDF and the internal dose using factors generated in INTDF. DOSE calculates the one-year dose, committed dose, cumulative dose, and maximum annual dose and prepares the normal output report of doses and optional doses by pathway and by radionuclide. EXTDF calculates the external dose-rate factors for submersion in an infinite cloud of radioactive materials, immersion in contaminated water, and direct exposure to plane or slab sources of contamination. EXTDF used the ISOSHLD point kernel integration technique whereby numerical integration is carried out over the source volume to obtain the total dose. INTDF estimates the dose equivalents in a number of target organs from the activity in a given source organ based on ICRP-30 models and biokinetic values for radionuclide residency and transport in the body. The dose equivalent in a target organ is the product of the total number of nuclear transformations of the radionuclide and the energy absorbed per gram in the target organ. This initial value problem is solved using a coupled set of differential equations. DITTY calculates long-term total population exposure based on air and water source terms, atmospheric dispersion patterns, and exposed population. A straight-line cross-wind-averaged Gaussian plume model is used for the dispersion calculation, and the regional population is defined as a function of time for airborne and waterborne pathways. The time frame may be any 10,000-year period, broken into 143 periods of 70 years each.
6. RESTRICTIONS OR LIMITATIONS
Maximum of 100 radionuclides, 16 sectors, 10 distance intervals, 5 shields.
7. TYPICAL RUNNING TIME
The sample problems took a total of 30 minutes on an IBM PC-AT under DOS 3.3.
8. COMPUTER HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
GENII requires an IBM PC/AT or compatible computer, an 80287 math coprocessor, 640 Kbytes of random access memory, and a minimum of 5 MB on-line disk storage.
9. COMPUTER SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
Lahey F77L Version 4.10 (92%) and Microsoft QuickBASIC 3.0 (8%) were used to create the executables under DOS 3.1. They also run from a DOS window of Windows95 or WindowsNT. These executables were created in the early 1990s and may not run correctly under WindowsXP. The GENII and APPRENTICE source files were added to the package in the March 1995 update. APPRENTICE, which is written in Microsoft QuickBASIC 3.0, uses modules and subroutines from the Komputerwerk FINALLY! Modules libraries.
10. REFERENCES
B. A. Napier, R.A. Peloquin, D. L. Strenge, and J. V. Ramsdell, “GENII - The Hanford Environmental Radiation Dosimetry Software System, Volume 1: Conceptual Representation,” PNL-6584 Vol. 1 (December 1988).
B. A. Napier, R. A. Peloquin, D. L. Strenge, and J. V. Ramsdell, “GENII - The Hanford Environmental Radiation Dosimetry Software System, Volume 2: Users' Manual,” PNL-6584 Vol. 2 (November 1988).
P. D. Rittmann, “Verification Tests for the July 1993 Revision to the GENII Radionuclide and Dose Increment Libraries,” WHC-SD-WM-TI-596, Rev. 0 (October 1993).
11. CONTENTS OF CODE PACKAGE
Enclosed are the references listed above and the executable programs, source codes, sample cases and data files on 4 DS/HD 3.5-in. (1.44 MB) diskettes in self-extracting compressed DOS files.
12. DATE OF ABSTRACT
April 1992, revised March 1995, February 1997. Abstrct revised July 2007.
KEYWORDS: ENVIRONMENTAL DOSE; FISSION PRODUCT INVENTORY; INTERNAL DOSE; LIQUID PATHWAY; MICROCOMPUTER; RADIOACTIVITY RELEASE; RADIOLOGICAL SAFETY; RADIONUCLIDES
ALERT FROM THE DEVELOPER, MARCH 2003!!!
The potential for obtaining erroneous results while using the GENII 1.485 code has been brought to our attention.
The potential exists for a limited combination of options: specifically, only for cases of acute, atmospheric release when the "food production grid" input option is used, if "food export" is chosen, and one of the input radionuclides is tritium or carbon-14.
Because tritium and carbon-14 are handled with special specific-activity models, calculations for these two radionuclides do not have the same path through the code logic. If the above combination of options is used, the food production grid is inappropriately applied to H-3 and C-14. The total amount of food input of the full 80-km circle is assumed to be contaminated with these two radionuclides, rather than just that from the selected downwind sector. The estimated dose provided by the GENII 1.485 code is too large by factors of about 10 to 20.
If the user wants to combine these options, a simple input modification can be used to obtain the appropriate answer. If the food production grid file is adjusted so that non-downwind sectors have zero production, and only the sector of interest has input data, the results should be correct.
The developers of GENII 1.485 have no intention at this time of making changes to the code. The code update, GENII Version 2, is scheduled to undergo formal peer review in the immediate future, and will be replacing GENII 1.485 after comment resolution is completed.